A standard form of incompressible surfaces in 3-dimensional handlebodies
نویسندگان
چکیده
Applying the Morse theory, we give a standard form for class of surfaces which includes all properly embedded incompressible in 3-dimensional handlebodies. We also necessary and sufficient condition to determine incompressibility such placed our form. Our algorithm is practical. Several examples are given test algorithm.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science China-mathematics
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1674-7283', '1869-1862']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-022-2072-8